...@Chapter-3@.... #marketing environment: the actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management's ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers. #microenvironment: the actors close to the company that affect its ability to serve its customers (the company, suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer markets, competitors, and publics). #macroenviornment: the larger societal forces that affect the microenvironment (demographic, economic, natural, technological, political & cultural forces). #marketing intermediaries: firms that help the company to promote, sell, and distribute its goods to final buyers. #public: any group that has an actual or potential interest in or impact on an organization’s ability to achieve its objective. #demography: the study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race, occupation, and other statistics. #economic environment: economic factors that affect consumer purchasing power and spending patterns (industrial economies, subsistence economies, & developing economies). #natural environment: natural resources that are needed as inputs by marketers or that are affected by marketing activities. #environmental sustainability: developing strategies and practices that create a world economy that the planet can support indefinitely. #technological environment: forces that create new technologies, creating new product and market opportunities political environment Laws, government agencies, and pressure groups that influence and limit various organizations and individuals in a given society. #cultural environment: institutions and other forces that affect society’s basic values, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors.