...@Chapter 8 Key Terms@... #Product: Anything that can be offered to a market for attention acquisition use or consumption that might satisfy a want or need. #Service: An activity benefit or satisfaction offered for sale that is essentially in tangible and does not result in the ownership of anything. #Consumer product: A product bought by final consumers for personal consumption. #Convenience product: A consumer product that customers usually by frequently immediately and with minimal comparison and buying effort. #Shopping product : A consumer product that the customer in the process of selecting and purchasing usually compares on such attributes as suitability quality price and style. #Specialty product: A consumer product with unique characteristics or brand identification for which a significant group of buyers is going to make a special purchase effort. #Unsought product: A consumer product that the consumer either does not know about or knows about but does not normally consider buying. #Industrial product: A product bought by individuals and organizations for further processing or for use in conducting a business. #Social marketing: The use of commercial marketing concepts and tools in programs designed to influence individual's behavior to improve their well-being and that of society. #Product quality: The characteristic of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied customer needs. #Brand: And name term sign symbol design or a combination of these that identifies the product or service of one seller or group of sellers that differentiates them from those of competitors. #Packaging: The activities of designing and producing the container or wrapper for a product. #Product line: A group of products that are closely related because they function in a similar manner are sold to the same customer groups are marketed to the same types of outlets or fall within given price ranges. #Product mix: The set of all product lines and items that a particular seller offers for sale. #Service inseparability: Services are produced and consumed at the same time it cannot be separated from their providers. #Brand equity: The differential effect that knowing the brand name has on a customer response to the product or its marketing. #Storebrand: A brand created and owned by a reseller of a product or service. #Cobranding: The practice of using the established brand names of two different companies on the same product. #Line extension: Extending an existing brand name to new forms color sizes ingredients or flavors of an existing product category.

...@Chapter 7@... #market segmentation: the process that companies use to divide large heterogeneous markets into small markets that can be reached more efficiently and effectively with products and services that match their unique needs. #market targeting: select the segment(s) to enter. #geographic segmentation: divides the market into different geographical units such as nations, regions, states, countries, or cities. #age and life cycle segmentation: dividing the market into different age and life-cycle groups. #behavioral segmentation: divides buyers into groups based on their knowledge, attitudes, uses, or responses to a product. #psychographic segmentation: divides buyers into different groups based on social class, lifestyle, or personality traits. #occasion segmentation: dividing the market into groups according to occasions when buyers get the idea to buy, actually make their purchase, or use the purchased item. #benefit segmentation: dividing the market into groups according to the different benefits that customers seek from the product. #target market: a set of buyers sharing common needs or characteristics that the company decides to share. #undifferentiated (mass) marketing: go after whole market with one offer. #differentiated (segmented) marketing: targets different segments with separate marketing mix for each. #concentrated (niche) marketing: one (or a few) marketing mix for one (or a few) segments. #micromarketing: customized marketing programs for individuals or local groups. #local marketing: tailoring brands and promotions to the needs and wants of local customer groups. #individual marketing: tailoring products and marketing programs to the needs and preferences of individual customers. #product position: the way the product is defined by consumers on important attributes relative to competing products. #value proposition: the full positioning of a brand - the full mix of benefits on which it is positioned.

...@Chapter 6 @... #consumer surplus: the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the amount the buyer actually pays for it. #willingness to pay: the max amount of money a consumer will pay for a given good/service. #systems selling: buying a packaged solution to a problem from a single seller, thus avoiding all the separate decisions involved in a complex buying situation. #straight rebuy: a business buying situation in which the buyer routinely reorders something without any modifications. #modified rebuy: a business buying situation in which the buyer wants to modify product specifications, prices, terms, or suppliers. #new task: a business buying situation in which the buyer purchases a product or service for the first time. #buyer center: all the individuals and units that play a role in the purchase decision-making process. #users: members of the buying organization who will actually use the purchased product or service. #influencers: people in an organization's buying center who affect the buying decision. #buyers: the people in the organization's buying center who make the actual purchase. #deciders: people in the organization's buying center who have formal or informal power to select or approve the final suppliers. #gatekeepers: people in the organization's buying center who control the flow of information to others.

...@Chapter 5@.... #consumer behavior: the buying behavior of final consumers - individuals and households that buy goods and services for personal consumption. #culture: the set of basic values, perceptions, wants, and behaviors learned by a member of society from family and other important institutions. #subculture: a group of people with shared value systems based on common life experiences and situations. #social class: relatively permanent and ordered divisions in a society whose members share similar values, interests, and behaviors. #membership groups: two or more people with direct influence and to which a person belongs. #reference groups: form a comparison or reference in forming attitudes or behaviors. #word of mouth: includes using opinion leaders and buzz marketing. #opinion leader: person within a reference group who, because of special skills, knowledge, personality, or other characteristics, exerts social influence on others. #buzz marketing: an attempt to enlist or create opinion leaders to serve as brand ambassadors. #lifestyle: a person's pattern of living as expressed in his.her activities, interests, and opinions. #attitude: a person's consistently favorable or unfavorable evaluations, feelings, and tendencies toward on object or idea. #evoked/consideration set: a group of relevant brands that a prospective consumer is favorably familiar with when they're thinking about making a purchase. #brand loyalty: the extent of the faithfulness of consumers to a particular brand. #satisfaction: the relationship between the consumer's expectations and the product's perceived performance. #cognitive dissonance: buyer discomfort caused by post-purchase conflict.

..@Chapter 4@... #marketing information system: people and procedures for assessing information needs, developing the needed information, and helping decision makers to use the information to generate and validate actionable customer and market insights. #internal databases: electronic collections of consumer and market information obtained from data sources within the company network. #marketing intelligence: the systematic collection and analysis of publicly available information about consumers, competitors, and developments int he marketing environment. #market research: the systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data relevant to a specific marketing situation facing an organization. #marketing research process: 1. define the problem and research objectives 2. develop the research plan for collecting information 3. collect and analyze data 4. interpret and report findings. #exploratory research: marketing research to gather preliminary data that will help define problems and assess hypotheses. #descriptive research: marketing research to better marketing problems, situations, or markets, such as the market potential for a product of the demographics and attitudes of consumers. #customer relationship management: managing detailed information about individual customers and carefully managing customer "touch points" in order to maximize customer loyalty.

...@Chapter-2@.... #Strategic Planning: the process of developing and maintaining a strategic fit between the organization's goals and capabilities and its changing marketing opportunities. #Mission Statement: the organization's purpose, what it wants to accomplish in the larger environment. #market oriented mission statement: defines the business in terms of satisfying basic customerneeds. #6 strategic business objectives 1. Operational Excellence 2. New Products, Service, and Business model 3. Customer/ Supplier Intimacy 4. Improved Decision Making 5. Competitive Advantage 6. Survival. #Product/Market Expansion Grid: a tool for identifying company growth opportunities through market penetration, market development, product development, or diversification. #Market Penetration: a growth strategy increasing sales to current market segments without changing the product. #Market Development: a growth strategy that identifies and develops new market segments for current products. #Product Development: a growth strategy that offers new or modified products to existing market segments. #Diversification: a growth strategy for starting up or acquiring businesses outside the company's current products and markets. #Downsizing: the reduction of the business portfolio by eliminating products or businesses units that are not profitable or that no longer fit the company's overall strategy. #Value Chain: a series of departments that carry out value-creating activities to design, produce, market, deliver, and support a firm's products. #Value Delivery Network: made up of the company, suppliers, distributors, and, ultimately, customers who partner with each other to improve performance of the entire system.

...@Chapter-3@.... #marketing environment: the actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing management's ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers. #microenvironment: the actors close to the company that affect its ability to serve its customers (the company, suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer markets, competitors, and publics). #macroenviornment: the larger societal forces that affect the microenvironment (demographic, economic, natural, technological, political & cultural forces). #marketing intermediaries: firms that help the company to promote, sell, and distribute its goods to final buyers. #public: any group that has an actual or potential interest in or impact on an organization’s ability to achieve its objective. #demography: the study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race, occupation, and other statistics. #economic environment: economic factors that affect consumer purchasing power and spending patterns (industrial economies, subsistence economies, & developing economies). #natural environment: natural resources that are needed as inputs by marketers or that are affected by marketing activities. #environmental sustainability: developing strategies and practices that create a world economy that the planet can support indefinitely. #technological environment: forces that create new technologies, creating new product and market opportunities political environment Laws, government agencies, and pressure groups that influence and limit various organizations and individuals in a given society. #cultural environment: institutions and other forces that affect society’s basic values, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors.